Jennifer Alinio asked:




For many years, The Batman has tackled some truly dangerous criminals in his native city. It is interesting to note that villains that fight The Batman are of a starkly different flavor from the villains that other superheroes face. Unlike the villains of other heroes, such as Superman and Spider-man, The Batman’s collection of villains are less known for their superhuman abilities and more for being reflections of a variety of mental health disorders. In this vein, they echo The Batman himself. By his own admission, The Batman has “issues, lots of issues.” Indeed, aside from a few notable exceptions, they’re all fairly regular human beings. Once one gets past the fractured state of mental health, at least. Some of these characters, albeit being fictional, make for excellent studies into both the criminal psyche and how people with mental health disorders might act in some circumstances.

Edward Nigma, “The Riddler”

At first glance, Edward Nigma might be seen as being perfectly sane, a criminal that is nonetheless in a state of perfect mental health. Indeed, his clever clues and sharp wit have often been seen as signs that he is actually in possession of all of his mental faculties. However, the writers of the comics have slowly lifted that veil and exposed the truth behind the mental health of The Riddler. In one well-known instance, he realized he might have a problem when he could not overcome a sense of anxiety at being unable to leave a clue for The Batman to find. He was shown to have gone through tremendous stress because of his conflicting desire to not be caught and his obsession with leaving clues behind. The fact that he gave in to his stress and anxiety led him to believe he was crazy, hinting at his self-diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. For a time, he also lived with severe performance anxiety after suffering a crushing physical and psychological defeat at the hands of Poison Ivy.

Harvey Dent, “Two-Face”

While the portrayal is inaccurate, it is perfectly clear what mental health problem Harvey Dent has. The dissociative identity disorder of the former chief prosecutor of Gotham city has had lasting effects on him. It not only drove him into a life of crime as the criminal boss Two-Face, it has also rendered him psychologically incapable of making a decision without consulting a coin toss. Two-Face’s trademark, a two-headed coin with one side scratched, has long been his primary means of making a decision in critical situations. He also exhibits an obsession with duality, with his earlier career focusing on crimes centered around that particular theme. His reliance on the results of his coin toss have been linked to the conflict between his two personalities. In theory, neither side is capable of convincing the other of anything, such that the only acceptable compromise for both is to obey the decisions of fate – represented by the coin. It is unknown if his consistent “obedience” to the coin is related to his aforementioned mental health disorder, or if it stems from another problem.

Dr. Jonathan Crane, “Scarecrow”

Jonathan Crane’s mental health problems are almost as difficult to diagnose as those of Edward Nigma’s, though they are present. While fully in control of his actions, Crane plays an interesting role in the world of The Batman. Being a former psychologist with extensive knowledge on the subject of fear and how it affects the mind. Despite this, he also exhibits obsessive-compulsive disorder in subtle forms, particularly his sadistic enjoyment at spreading fear and chaos. This, combined with his training in psychology or psychiatry (there is some inconsistency in the comics), has made him a dangerous opponent to tackle. He also exhibited signs of status anxiety when he declined to use his trademark “fear gas” on his victims, reacting to the taunts from his fellow criminals that he was nothing without it. However, perhaps the most ironic aspect of Crane’s mental health is that, despite his moniker’s implications, he is shown to consistently fear birds, crows in particular.

Jack Napier, “The Joker”

If any single Batman villain can be considered the epitome of insanity, it has to be Jack Napier. More commonly known in his personal as the “Clown Prince of Crime,” Napier has exhibited the widest array of mental health disorders among the entire Batman cast, arguably falling short only of The Batman himself. His predominant personality characteristics are textbook symptoms of antisocial personality disorder. He has also exhibited obsessive-compulsive disorder towards dealing with The Batman, though just why he obsesses over The Batman has varied. For some, it comes down to an obsession with “making The Bat laugh,” while others have interpreted it as a twisted form of admiration, or even love. In recent times, he has also shown signs of status anxiety, particularly through his constantly planning more nightmarish and twisted schemes and murders to maintain his status as “Gotham’s most feared criminal.” To an extent, some have also attributed his personal vendetta against The Batman as a sign of his status anxiety. In theory, he resents “Bats” for being the most feared figure in the city, which Napier believes to rightfully belong to him and no one else.



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Abbey Grace Yap asked:




 

We always get home tired from a busy day of work, rushing from one job to the next. It’s not surprising that we’re always complaining about muscle aches and pain. We often get sprains and back pains from tasks we perform at work, and we often spend money going to the doctor to have it treated.

For mild to moderate muscle pains, doctors advise sufferers to rest and take over-the-counter pain relief medications until the pain goes away, or becomes more bearable. For moderate to severe muscle discomforts, most physicians suggest the use of prescription medications like carisoprodol to do the job.

Carisoprodol is a certified muscle relaxant and pain reliever in one. It works by binding itself to the opioid receptors (pain receptors) in the brain to intercept pain sensations before it get to the corresponding receptors in the brain. When used in addition to rest, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle, carisoprodol’s efficacy can be maximized.

Using carisoprodol can bring about side effects such as:



Dizziness

Vertigo

Loss of muscle coordination (ataxia)

Tremor

Agitation

Irritability

Headache

Depressive reaction

Insomnia

Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Facial flushing

Nausea

Vomiting

Hiccup

Upset stomach.



Carisoprodol is not to be used on people with allergies to it or any of its related components like meprobamate, mebutamate, and tybamate. In the initial onset of an allergic reaction, discontinue using the prescription drug and seek treatment. Mild allergic reaction may be treated by taking antihistamines or epinephrine doses. Mild allergy attacks may manifest in skin rashes and breathing difficulties. There are severe allergic reactions that require immediate medical attention upon manifestation. These symptoms include:



Temporary paralysis on all four limbs (transient quadriplegia)

Extreme weakness

Temporary loss of vision

Double vision (diplopia)

Euphoria

Confusion and disorientation



Although carisoprodol is an effective muscle relaxant and discomfort reliever, there are precautions to be considered before using this medication. People with a history of drug dependency should be careful in using carisoprodol to avoid developing an addiction to it. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should first discuss the full benefits and risks of using carisoprodol with their physician before use. The effects of this prescription drug on unborn babies and breastfeeding infants have not yet been established. Also, because carisoprodol is processed in the liver and excreted through the kidneys, it is important that the liver and kidneys are fully functional to avoid accumulation of carisoprodol residue in the body. Those with liver and kidney dysfunctions or disorders should inform their physicians about it for an appropriate dosage adjustment.

Keep in mind that taking carisoprodol can indirectly affect your daily activities during the dosing period. Due to the various side effects that patients may experience, it is best to limit engaging in activities that require full consciousness like driving. Also, it is better to avoid performing potentially hazardous tasks while taking carisoprodol to ensure safety until your muscle discomforts have been relieved.



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Kathy Burns-Millyard asked:




Of all the weight loss program in the industry, why can Fat Burning Furnace be such a success?

Fat burning furnace is not a scam and it is the most popular weight loss programs on the internet, with thousands of user testimonials from around the world. The key to that question, I think, is that the creator, Rob Poulos, was a normal guy with weight issues of his own and tried various disappointing products before he devised his own experience into this effective program. Therefore, the guide is easy to understand and to follow, as it is clearly laid out step by step by someone who was once in your place.

Like other similar programs, Fat Burning Furnace focuses on nutrition and exercises. However, instead of giving you a strict diet plan to stick to, it simply provides you with a large number of alternatives to substitute your favorite food. Besides, it works for vegetarians too, since the diet is designed with a variety of choices. When it comes to workout, Rob Poulos is firmly against long-time exercise, and that is why

Fat burning furnace instruct you to do short yet intense exercise three times a week. More importantly, Fat burning furnace emphasizes the importance of Resting Metabolic Rate in a way that no program ever did. The main idea is to increase the amount of calories that your body burns while you are resting. Achieving high Resting Metabolic Rate is literally to realize slim and lean body shape effortlessly.

After all,

Fat burning furnace is no magic, nor is it the ideal choice for everyone. If what you are looking for is building huge muscle mass, if you are going to relay on the program to work by itself without commitment and determination, then Fat Burning Furnace is not the right plan for you.

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Mary Betz asked:




Butalbital headache occurs when patients are taking medications such as Esgic, Esgic Plus or Fiorcet for treatment of headaches. Some of these also contain caffeine. Each of these brand name medications contain butalbital which is the generic form of the drug. For many years before the introduction of triptans such as Imitrex, Maxalt and others, most physicians handed out this medication to treat migraine.

Unfortunately, butalbital is a form of opiod and as a result can become addicting if used for a long period of time. Now when I say a long period of time, I mean using it for over six months and taking it more than three times per week.

Although not used as commonly as in previous years, generally when many people with migraine in their sixties present to a doctor for headache evaluation, about 75% of them come to?the doctor?using butalbital too frequently.

Butalbital Headache Symptoms

Butalbital can actually cause migraines to get worse. This happens when the drug is used more and more frequently, which results in transformational migraine. The migraines become more and more frequent and eventually run together to form daily headache.

With daily use, the headache becomes constant and is usually a lower level headache, perhaps rated a 3 or 4 out of 10 on a pain scale.(This is where 10 is severe disabling pain and you are in bed and perhaps crying.) The headache may be all over your head and have a throbbing quality.

Treatment of Butalbital Headache

If you have been on this medication for years, treatment depends on how much you are taking daily or weekly. Treated as a form of analgesic rebound headache in most clinics, doctors tend to use IV infusions of steroids for one or two days to break the cycle of pain. The patient is then on a lower dose of steroid for about a week.

Rarely, headache specialists use phenobarbital as a “substitute” medication for a week or two with the steroids. This is used only when someone? is taking multiple daily doses of butalbital. If patients are only using butalbital twice a week or so, Naprosyn 500mg might be substituted for this with success.

Caution: Stopping butalbital should NOT be done suddenly, as rarely a seizure might result. This type of treatment should be monitored by your physician.

Treatment should also include lifestyle changes and use of alternative therapies such as herbal headache remedies.

References:

Silberstein, Stephen D. & McCrory, Douglas C. (2001) “Butalbital in the Treatment of Headache: History, Pharmacology, and Efficacy.” Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 41 (10), 953-967.

Loder, Elizabeth & Biondi, David (2003) “Oral Phenobarbital Loading: A Safe and Effective Method of Withdrawing Patients With Headache From Butalbital Compounds.” Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain43(8), 904-909.

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amygirl_22 asked:


I seem to get headaches alot all year round but I get bad migraines during the summer. They can last days upon days long. It got so bad once I had to go to the ER. He did a CT scan on me and found nothing. He gave me fioricet and they seem to ease up the pain a little but not by much. I dont want to keep having to take pain killers to get rid of the pain. I remember ever since I was little getting headaches. It seems the hotter my body temp is the more my head hurts and usually a cold rag on the back of my neck eases up the pain a little also.. What could be the problem?

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Nicholas Matthews asked:




Some people suffer from headaches on a regular basis. They have these aches and pains, sometimes pounding headaches that are caused by all kinds of things, from the weather to stress to hormones that are naturally in the body. But there is a type of headache that is much worse than the others put together and is enough to bring even the strongest of us to our knees. This is what is commonly known as a migraine headache, and if the problem persists it can actually become chronic.

Migraines are typically broken down into two distinct types, some that come with an accompanying set of symptoms and another that does not have those symptoms. They include the following that may or may not accompany the headache, and usually occur before the headache begins. Light flashes and zigzag lines could be within your vision, and you may experience a hole in your line of sight, as if you can not see things when looking directly at them.

I know that my wife, when she has these signs can overcome the migraine by working on it at that point. The headache will then progress to perhaps a pain that is on one or both sides of the head, perhaps with pulsating or pounding sensations, nausea and an inability to function because of the pain. Some of the things that can cause a migrane headache are what are known as common triggers. They include hormonal changes in the body, different types of food, drinks, caffeine, nicotine, changes in the way that we sleep and in our environment and some medications that we may be taking.

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Jennifer Alinio asked:




There is a saying that health is wealth. But life is unpredictable, full of twist and turns and if you do not plan ahead it can spell disaster for your personal well-being and your budget. So having a Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage is vital to wellness and peace of mind.

Imagine yourself as a Senior citizen and you were driving along in a familiar street, enjoying the summer air floating inside your car; it seems like a perfect day as you passed by beautiful houses and happy looking people. Suddenly a sharp pain was felt in your chest. You become dizzy, your vision becomes blurred, and you can’t even remember if you managed to stop the car.

You woke up inside a hospital. The joyous feeling was replaced by fear. Somewhere along the way, you discovered a part of you is missing. You just had a heart attack! But you thought it would not happen to you. You were after all, can be considered a health conscious elderly. Worst! What ever pain that ails you, it becomes intense as you think about the hospital bills and the drug expenses.

That is why having Medicare prescription drug coverage is as important to any individual because not having any health care coverage at all can be a drain in the Family’s pocket. Since January 2006, voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit took effect. It is available to millions of elderly and disabled beneficiaries who enroll in private plans approved by Medicare to offer coverage. Medicaid is now being replaced by Medicare as the primary source of doing coverage for disabled and low-income people.

There are two types of Medicare Prescription Drug Plans:

A) Stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDP) for people getting other Medicare benefits like the fee-service program.

B) Medicare advantage prescription drug (MA-PD) plans, such as HMO’s or PPO’s that cover drugs and other Medicare benefits.

Medicare Prescription Drug covers for the payment for both generic and brand named drugs; it also offers a choice of plans to Medicare Beneficiaries. There are four ways that Medicare Drug plans may require you to pay your share and these are:

1.Premium

2.Deductible

3.Copay

4.Coinsurance

Cost will vary depending on which plan you choose. There are some people that can qualify for extra help paying for their cost. You can also contact the Social Security Administration should you think you are not qualifying for extra help.

Most Medicare drug plans require that you used a pharmacy. It has a list of pharmacies called the “Pharmacy Network” on which you can used to get your prescription filled. While the start of 2006 is a very good year for Seniors without coverage that can now avail of the Medicare approved plan that would cut their yearly drug cost in half, in return for a $35 monthly premium while low-income Seniors will received additional help from a $600 annual subsidy.

But before getting a plan, figure out first what plan is best for you that give overall value. Consider the cost coverage, and convenience. Determine if you went a higher monthly premium, but a lower copay or coinsurance on each prescription or pay a higher copay or coinsurance on each prescription but for a lower premium.

What ever you decide, regardless of your income, illness or status everyone needs a Medicare Prescription Drug plan, it offers savings and it will ease the burden on your family expensive cost of drugs out in the market today. So do plan your health needs. It’s one of your best investments which help you be prepared for unexpected medical expenses.



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Leon Belenky asked:




Everyone who has ever suffered from a severe headache knows how difficult it can be and how much it can interfere with daily life. Even even in minor amounts pain can significantly affect you; making you unproductive and cranky. As a result, it is important to make sure that you have a way to ease the pain of a terrible headache before it grows out of control and becomes unbearable. One medication that is used to treat these types of headaches is Fioricet. At one time you could only buy Fioricet at brick and mortar pharmacies but it is now possible to buy it online. This is fortunate for the many people who must suffer from headaches and would like to save money on the purchase of their medication. Fioricet is a type of barbiturate sedative which is combined with an analgesic, acetaminophen, in order to ease even the most painful of headaches.

This type of medication has actually been around for quite some time. Barbiturates have been used for the last one hundred years for a variety of different applications including helping patients to sleep better and for calming nerves in the case of shock or anxiety. One of the benefits of this medication is that it does take immediate effect and you should not be surprised if you begin to feel drowsy as soon as you take it. This will help to calm and relax you while easing away the pain of your tension headache. Due to this fact, Fioricet should not be taken when you must drive or operate heavy machinery or when you must be completely alert. Fioricet is no exception in terms of having a few minor medical side effects. When taking this medication you may experience some nausea, dizziness, etc.

If you suffer from extreme headaches that make it difficult to go about your daily life, now could be the time to talk to your doctor about this medicine and consider the decision to buy Fioricet online. Purchasing this medicine online can allow you to take advantage of deep discounts, which makes it possible for you to get rid of your severe headache and save money at the same time. Ultimately, that is what Fioricet is intended to do; help to wipe away your severe headache so that you can feel like yourself again and get on with your life.



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Melai Karaan asked:




It was two weeks ago when I first experienced having this really painful headache which lasted for almost half an hour. I thought it was all because I lacked sleep the night before and I was already stressed with work. I decided to take a pain killer that time and was relieved immediately after an hour. I thought that was the last of it. After two days, I started having that painful headache again so I continued taking pain killers. I told my superior that I had to go home early that day so I can have enough sleep and avoid having those headaches again. To my surprise, however, the headaches keep coming despite my renewed habit of having enough time for sleeping. I thought it was all because of the high level of stress I usually experience at the office which made me decide to take that much deserved one week leave.

Unfortunately, the headaches just would not go away. It was then that I got alarmed by my situation and I immediately went to the hospital for a check-up. The first thing that my doctor asked me was to relate to him the circumstance when I first noticed having the headaches, then to describe the nature or characteristics of my headaches itself. So I told him about my job, how I often lacked sleep, and how the heightened stressfulness in the office must have triggered the pain. I also told him that the headaches just keep coming, especially during midday, the strong and prolonged pain which I feel at the front and back portions of my head. After some more questioning, he sent me to undergo some laboratory tests as well as to have my head scanned for a possible tumor, maybe. However, after the results came out that very same day, my doctor explained to me that my chronic headaches might be what are often known as tension headaches. According to him, the causes of tension headaches are not really known, but some recent studies indicate that this condition has something to do with improper posture and the tension in the neck and shoulder muscles. In the end, I was advised to correct my posture and change some of my positional habits at home and in the office. The doctor also suggested that a massage session will do me some good. Finally, I was prescribed a muscle-relaxant called Butalbital.

Basically, I was prohibited from slouching. I always have to make sure that my posture is right when seated and while standing. I would rather be more mindful of always having a proper posture. It was something easier for me to do, though I sometimes forget, than to frequently be bothered by chronic headaches. I especially liked the part of being “prescribed” to have a massage. Finally, now I have a valid reason to do something I have wanted to do for so long but get postponed frequently. Getting a massage is a matter of life and death for me now, though that would obviously be a bit exaggerating. I have always wanted to drop by the newest spa center across our office. The massage is indeed the best prescription I have received by far, that is aside from the Butalbital that has largely contributed to relieving the pain immediately.

This experience had somehow become a wake-up call for me. I realized that I had been taking my health for granted. It was only after I had suffered the consequences that I learned how fragile my health is. Fortunately, it was not too late for me to change.

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Linda Franzell asked:




First off, I’d like to say that I’m not a member of the medical community. You will not find this article full of medical lingo. I am however, a woman who has suffered from migraines for over 30 years.

Migraines, AAARGH! Everyone who has, or currently having migraines, just upon hearing the word, knows how debilitating they can be. The sensitivity to light, sound, smell, and the vomiting. They can also last for hours. Some people have migraines occasionally, while others, such as myself, have them constantly.

Migraines, according to the medical community, is caused by the sudden constricting and releasing of blood vessels. However, this is not always the case.

Migraines can be brought on by a number of things. Diet, food allergies, hormones, and even a faulty gallbladder. There is still research being done on the relationship between hormones, and migraines. I noticed my migraines had eased up a little when I entered menopause. Unfortunately, for my daughter, she too will suffer from migraines as they are genetic. What a legacy to pass on!

There are many medications to choose from for temporary relief. Over the years I’ve taken; Axert, Zomig, Maxalt, Fioricet, Topamax, Paxil, Cymbalta, Atenolol, and Toprol. There are 3 others, but I don’t recall the names due to the fact, I only took them for 1 day. The only one that seems to work for my migraines is Maxalt. Make sure you to read or ask about side effects of any medications before taking them. This was something I learned the hard way, after taking a couple of the above listed prescriptions.

There is lots of information out there if you want to go the alternative health route. Herbs such as, Feverfew, and Valerian are worth checking out. Also, caffeine has been known to be of help. Do not drink too much, too often, as this may bring on migraines. I’ve read a couple of articles claiming sex relieves migraines as well. I think whoever wrote those articles, don’t know what a migraine is. If your a migraine sufferer, my heart goes out to you. I hope, one day soon, they’ll find a permanent cure.

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